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AHF Reacts to Ben Cardin Criticism


AHF Reacts to Senator Benjamin L. Cardin (D-MD), Co-Chairman of the U.S. Helsinki Commission, who questioned democracy in Hungary and criticized expressions of concern for Hungarian minorities.7/13/2011 - AHF Reacts to Senator Benjamin L. Cardin (D-MD), Co-Chairman of the U.S. Helsinki Commission, who questioned democracy in Hungary and criticized expressions of concern for Hungarian minorities. AHF's letter expressed its steadfast conviction that judgments be "objective, fair, balanced and based on facts and not generalizations and speculation." It also urged the Helsinki Commission not to ignore the Hungarian minorities but to publicly and privately encourage Slovakia and Romania "to build tolerant societies by respecting the rights of their Hungarian and other minorities and the rule of law." Senator Cardin had earlier joined Congressman Kucinich and former Governor Pataki to laudably speak out against the Slovak Language Law.

AHF's letter expressed its concern and urged the Helsinki Commission not to ignore the Hungarian minorities but to publicly and privately encourage Slovakia and Romania 'to build tolerant societies by respecting the rights of their Hungarian and other minorities and the rule of law.'
[Download] the AHF Letter to Senator Cardin

The letter stated that AHF is "concerned because several observations made [by the Senator] are unwarranted and perplexed because they were made in connection with Hungary’s unveiling a statue of President Ronald Reagan and dedicating the Lantos Institute in honor of the late Hungarian-born Holocaust survivor." The letter further notes that the "statement recognizes these two events (evidencing strong ties to and friendship toward the United States), but then goes on only to harshly and inexplicably criticize a NATO ally and a democratic nation, which has amply demonstrated its commitment to freedom." Attached to the letter, was AHF's earlier summary of current issues related to the Hungarian minority Rumania.

The letter in full text appears below or [download]:

July 12, 2011

The Honorable Benjamin L. Cardin
United States Senate
Washington, D.C. 20510

Dear Senator Cardin:

The American Hungarian Federation (“Federation”), founded in 1906 and representing a broad cross-section of the Hungarian American community, has supported democracy, human and minority rights and the rule of law in Central and Eastern Europe. We applaud you for your work as Co-Chairman of the U.S. Helsinki Commission in strengthening these values in that region.

We, however, are concerned and perplexed by your statement, “Democracy at Risk in Hungary,” published in the Congressional Record on July 6. We are concerned because several observations made therein are unwarranted and perplexed because they were made in connection with Hungary’s unveiling a statue of President Ronald Reagan and dedicating the Lantos Institute in honor of the late Hungarian-born Holocaust survivor. Your statement recognizes these two events (evidencing strong ties to and friendship toward the United States), but then goes on only to harshly and inexplicably criticize a NATO ally and a democratic nation, which has amply demonstrated its commitment to freedom.

You seem ambivalent about the outcome of last year’s elections when FIDESZ won an outright majority -- “not necessarily a bad thing,” as noted in your statement. It was a democratic election with the voters casting their ballots for change given the mismanagement and scandals of the previous government. And while Jobbik won seats in parliament, it remains a small opposition party whose agenda is effectively stymied by the government.

You also express displeasure with Prime Minister Viktor Orban using his democratically won supermajority to implement change by, in your words, “push[ing] through one controversial initiative after another.”* As an example, you refer to the new media law.

As Americans of Hungarian descent steeped in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, it is our firm conviction that freedom of the press is a cornerstone of democracy and liberty. Our conviction is reinforced by the fact that many of our members or their parents rose up against and fled from Soviet tyranny or Nazi occupation and persecution. At the same time, it is our steadfast conviction that judgments made about a country whose liberty was denied for over four decades by the force of tanks, secret police and their collaborators in all walks of life, including the media, should be objective, fair, balanced and based on facts and not generalizations and speculation. Instead of referring to concrete examples of harm to media freedom, your statement notes that the media law “could be used to silence critical media and public debate.” (Emphasis added).

Another example you refer to is the adoption of the “completely new Constitution.” It was meant to be new. After Communism fell in 1989, the old Stalinist constitution had not been replaced but amended. While the European Commission for Democracy through Law (the “Venice Commission”) expressed certain particular concerns relative to the new Constitution, it also stated that the Constitution “aims to meet the general features of a modern Constitution within the framework of the Council of Europe.

In particular, the Venice Commission welcomes the fact that this new Constitution establishes a constitutional order based on democracy, the rule of law and the protection of fundamental rights as underlying principles.” We believe that these and similar conclusions omitted from your statement are also important to consider and weigh when judging the Constitution.

Your statement expresses concern about what you characterize is the “government’s fixation on ethnic Hungarian identity and lost empire in ways that can only be seen as unfriendly by other countries in the region.” You refer to the citizenship law that facilitates the acquisition of Hungarian citizenship by ethnic Hungarians in other countries, a law that is similar to laws of other countries, such as Slovakia, Romania, and many others.

This criticism is perplexing for a number of reasons. First, Hungary had never been an empire – until it was dismembered by the Treaty of Trianon in violation of the vaunted principle of self-determination, it was a self-contained, geographically and economically coherent and durable formation in the Carpathian Basin and boasting the longest lasting historical borders in Europe. When Hungarians fell under the domination of the Habsburg Empire, they rose up twice seeking to regain their independence.

Second, but for lack of respect for the minority rights of members of the Hungarian communities in states neighboring Hungary, the issue of Hungarian minorities would be moot. Intolerance and discrimination targeting any group (including Hungarians) based on ethnicity, nationality or religion is intolerable and should be condemned. Criticism should be directed at those who violate minority rights, not at the victims of discrimination or those who speak up on their behalf.

Finally, more than two decades after the collapse of Communism, Romania and Slovakia have yet to fulfill their promises to their ethnic Hungarians. Although both were accepted into NATO and the EU based, in part, on these promises, the irrefutable record demonstrates that their laws and practices continue to fail to conform to European and Western standards relating to human and minority rights and aggravate inter-ethnic tension.

In fact, the number of anti-Hungarian incidents and policies is rising steeply in Romania. These include, the denial of the Hungarian community’s request for autonomy, threats and intimidation, refusal to restore the Babes/Bolyai University as a Hungarian institution and proposals to Gerrymander counties to reduce the ability of Hungarians to effectively participate in public affairs, especially in matters affecting them, and to enjoy their culture (i.e., internal self-determination). The Federation’s summary of these issues is attached hereto.

The discriminatory law restricting the use of Hungarian in the public sphere is still on the books in Slovakia. The Venice Commission criticized provisions of this law as being incompatible with international standards and reminded Slovakia that it is not absolved "of the obligation to comply with the provisions of the international conventions for the protection of national minorities."

In conclusion, we respectfully call upon you to meet with representatives of the Hungarian American community to discuss democracy in the region. We also urge that Romania and Slovakia be publicly and privately encouraged to build tolerant societies by respecting the rights of their Hungarian and other minorities and the rule of law. The Helsinki Commission should engage both to ensure that their minorities are not threatened by the forced assimilation of their culture and identity. This would promote genuine democracy in Romania and Slovakia, defuse tensions caused by discrimination and intolerance, eliminate the need for Budapest to speak out against discriminatory practices in those countries and promote United States interests in a Europe that is whole, free, stable and secure.

Sincerely,

Frank Koszorus, Jr., National President
Public Member of the U.S. Delegation of the 1989 Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe on the Human Dimension

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* No one would suggest that American democracy is in jeopardy because, for instance, the “controversial” health-care reform measure passed the House and Senate with every Republican voting no.

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AHF again responds to Senator Ben Cardin, Co-Chair of the US Helsinki Commission. In his December 20, 2012 statement, the Senator was unfairly critical of Hungary1/11/2013 - AHF again responds to Senator Ben Cardin, Co-Chair of the US Helsinki Commission. In his December 20, 2012 statement, the Senator was unfairly critical of Hungary. "...we are concerned that (1) your assertions concerning Hungary omit relevant facts; and (2) your statement fails to raise the discrimination and intolerant policies toward ethnic Hungarians in some of the countries bordering Hungary. The statement therefore leaves the impression... of bias, which could result in cynicism toward the Helsinki Commission and its valuable and necessary work." [read more]

Az Amerikai Magyar Szövetség a Helsinki Bizottságnál tiltakozik1/16/2013 - Az Amerikai Magyar Szövetség a Helsinki Bizottságnál tiltakozik: A legrégibb és legnagyobb amerikai magyar szervezet, az Amerikai Magyar Szövetség (AMSZ), amely mindig is támogatta a Helsinki Bizottságot az emberi jogokért, a demokráciáért vívott küzdelmében, levélben fordult Benjamin Cardin marylandi szenátorhoz, az amerikai Helsinki Bizottság elnökéhez. [tovább]

Levélben fordult az Amerikai Magyar Szövetség (AHF) Benjamin Cardin demokrata párti amerikai szenátorhoz, aki a múlt héten a Kongresszusi Közlönyben Magyarországgal kapcsolatos nyilatkozatot tett közzé.7/13/2011 - Levelet írt az egyik szenátornak az Amerikai Magyar Szövetség: Levélben fordult az Amerikai Magyar Szövetség (AHF) Benjamin Cardin demokrata párti amerikai szenátorhoz, aki a múlt héten a Kongresszusi Közlönyben Magyarországgal kapcsolatos nyilatkozatot tett közzé. [tovább magyarul]

Miért támadja Magyarországot az amerikai szenátor?9/27/2012 - Miért támadja Magyarországot az amerikai szenátor?: A legnagyobb amerikai-magyar szervezet levélben fordult Benjamin Cardin, marylandi szenátorhoz, hogy aggodalmát fejezze ki a törvényhozó szokatlanul éles hangvételű, július 6-i "Veszélyben a demokrácia Magyarországon" című közleménye miatt.
[tovább magyarul]

American-Hungarian federation strike back at US senator over critical comments, by MTI7/14/2011 - American-Hungarian Federation strikes back at US senator over critical comments, by MTI:
The American Hungarian Federation (AHF) voiced “concern and perplexity” in a letter to Democrat Senator Benjamin L Cardin over his recent remarks concerning Hungary. [read more]

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Why So Many Hungarians Across the Border?

One thousand years of nation building successfully delineated groups based on culture, religion, geography, and other attributes to create the countries with which we are so familiar. While some Western European nations would continue power struggles and princely battles and civil wars, Hungary, founded in 896, was a peaceful multi-ethnic state for a 1000 years and her borders were virtually unchanged. Until 1920...

The Treaty of Trianon in 1920... in the aftermath of WWI, was extremely harsh on Hungary and unjustifiably one-sided. The resulting "treaty" lost Hungary an unprecedented 2/3 of her territory, and 1/2 of her total population or 1/3 of her Hungarian-speaking population. Add to this the loss of up to 90% of vast natural resources, industry, railways, and other infrastructure. The clear winner of the land grab, was Rumania, who, established only 60 years earlier, more than doubled in size overnight.

Ethnic Distribution in the Kingdom of Hungary in 1910 (Hungarians shown in red)

Ethnic Distribution in the Kingdom of Hungary in 1910 (Hungarians shown in red)
[download extra large image 4962x3509]
[download large image 1000x707]

Hungarian populations declined significantly after forced removals such as the Benes Decrees and other pograms, the effects of WWI, and Trianon in 1920. With continued pressure and discriminative policies such as the 2009 Slovak Language Law, this trend continued over the past 90 years.

Hungarian populations declined significantly after forced removals such as the Benes Decrees and other pograms, the effects of WWI, and Trianon in 1920. With continued pressure and discriminative policies sucha s the 2009 Slovak Language Law, this trend continued over the past 90 years.

  • In Upper Hungary (awarded to Slovakia, Czechoslovakia): 1,687,977 Slovaks and 1,233,454 others (mostly Hungarians - 886,044, Germans, Ruthenians and Roma) [according to the 1921 census, however, there were 1,941,942 Slovaks and 1,058,928 others]
  • In Carpathian Ruthenia (awarded to Czechoslovakia): 330,010 Ruthenians and 275,932 others (mostly Hungarians, Germans, Romanians, and Slovaks)
  • In Transylvania (awarded to Romania): 2,831,222 Romanians (53.8%) and 2,431,273 others (mostly Hungarians - 1,662,948 (31.6%) and Germans - 563,087 (10.7%)). The 1919 and 1920 Transylvanian censuses indicate a greater percentage of Romanians (57.1%/57.3%) and a smaller Hungarian minority (26.5%/25.5%)
  • In Vojvodina 510,754 Serbs and 1,002,229 others (mostly Hungarians 425,672 and Germans 324,017)
  • In Vojvodina and Croatia-Slavonia combined (awarded to Yugoslavia): 2,756,000 Croats and Serbs and 1,366,000 others (mostly Hungarians and Germans)
  • In Burgenland (awarded to Austria): 217,072 Germans and 69,858 others (mainly Croatian and Hungarian)

[read more on the Treaty of Trianon]

AHF Statements on Trianon:

AHF Articles on Rumania:


Adobe You will need the free Adobe Reader to open the following files. Click the image to download.

Articles and Essays by AHF Members

  • "NATO Enlargement" by Frank Koszorus Jr. March 29, 2004
    Remarks on the Occasion of the Enlargement of NATO, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. [download]
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  • "Nato Enlargement And Minority Rights: Prerequisites To Security" by Frank Koszorus, Jr., April 2003
    A memorandum that was submitted to Robert A. Bradtke, Deputy Assistant Secretary for European and Eurasian Affairs, and Heather A. Conley, Deputy Assistant Secretary for European and Eurasian Affairs during a roundtable discussion on "NATO Enlargement and the Current State of the Trans-Atlantic Alliance." This submission follows several other intiatives, including submissions to Lord Roberston, Secretary General of NATO. [download]
    ---
  • “Nato Enlargement: Promoting Western Values, Strengthening The Alliance” by Frank Koszorus, Jr., April 29, 2003
    A Statement Before The United States Senate Committee On Foreign Relations.
    [download]
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  • "U.S. Senate Unanimously Ratifies Nato Treaty; Senators Raise Rights Of Minorities: Federation Supports Efforts Aimed At Encouraging Romania And Slovakia To Respect Rights Of Hungarian Minorities And Restore Communal Properties" - Press Release by Zoltan Bagdy, May 9, 2003 [download]

Congressional Resolutions and Records

  • H.RES 191 - A RESOLUTION urging the "prompt and fair restitution of church properties by Romania and Slovakia - TOM LANTOS / TOM TANCREDO (April 6th 2005) in the House of Representatives [download]
  • A RESOLUTION REGARDING THE ISSUE OF TRANSYLVANIAN HUNGARIANS -- HON. DONALD E. `BUZ' LUKENS (Extension of Remarks - February 26, 1990) in the House of Representatives [download]
  • VIOLENCE IN TRANSYLVANIA -- HON. DON RITTER (Extension of Remarks - March 22, 1990) in the House of Representatives [download]
  • Transylvanian Monitor #14: Property Restitution.
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