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The 1956 Hungarian Revolution: 16 points


On October 22, 1956, a group of Hungarian students compiled a list of sixteen points containing key national policy demandsOn October 22, 1956, a group of Hungarian students compiled a list of sixteen points containing key national policy demands. They were read at the foot of the General Bem statue, a Polish hero of the 1848 War of Liberation, in solidarity with the anti-communist demonstrations in Poznan, Poland.

Following an anti-Soviet protest march through the Hungarian capital of Budapest, the students attempted to enter the city's main broadcasting station to read their demands on the air. The students were detained, and when people gathered outside the broadcasting station to call for their release, the state security police fired on the unarmed crowd, setting off the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. Click the picture for a larger image and read the 16 points below:

The 16 Points (magyarul 16 pont magyarul)

  1. We demand the immediate evacuation of all Soviet troops, in conformity with the provisions of the Peace Treaty.
  2. We demand the election by secret ballot of all Party members from top to bottom, and of new officers for the lower, middle and upper echelons of the Hungarian Workers Party. These officers shall convene a Party Congress as early as possible in order to elect a Central Committee.
  3. A new Government must be constituted under the direction of Imre Nagy: all criminal leaders of the Stalin-Rákosi era must be immediately dismissed.
  4. We demand public enquiry into the criminal activities of Mihály Farkas and his accomplices. Mátyás Rákosi, who is the person most responsible for crimes of the recent past as well as for our country’s ruin, must be returned to Hungary for trial before a people’s tribunal.
  5. We demand general elections by universal, secret ballot are held throughout the country to elect a new National Assembly, with all political parties participating. We demand that the right of workers to strike be recognised.
  6. We demand revision and re-adjustment of Hungarian-Soviet and Hungarian-Yugoslav relations in the fields of politics, economics and cultural affairs, on a basis of complete political and economic equality, and of non-interference in the internal affairs of one by the other.
  7. We demand the complete reorganisation of Hungary’s economic life under the direction of specialists. The entire economic system, based on a system of planning, must be re-examined in the light of conditions in Hungary and in the vital interest of the Hungarian people.
  8. Our foreign trade agreements and the exact total of reparations that can never be paid must be made public. We demand to be precisely informed of the uranium deposits in our country, on their exploitation and on the concessions to the Russians in this area. We demand that Hungary have the right to sell her uranium freely at world market prices to obtain hard currency.
  9. We demand complete revision of the norms operating in industry and an immediate and radical adjustment of salaries in accordance with the just requirements of workers and intellectuals. We demand a minimum living wage for workers.
  10. We demand that the system of distribution be organised on a new basis and that agricultural products be utilised in rational manner. We demand equality of treatment for individual farms.
  11. We demand reviews by independent tribunals of all political and economic trials as well as the release and rehabilitation of the innocent. We demand the immediate repatriation of prisoners of war (World War II) and of civilian deportees to the Soviet Union, including prisoners sentenced outside Hungary.
  12. We demand complete recognition of freedom of opinion and of expression, of freedom of the press and of radio, as well as the creation of a daily newspaper for the MEFESZ Organisation (Hungarian Federation of University and College Students’ Associations)
  13. We demand that the statue of Stalin, symbol of Stalinist tyranny and political oppression, be removed as quickly as possible and be replaced by a monument in memory of the martyred freedom fighters of 1848-49.
  14. We demand the replacement of emblems foreign to the Hungarian people by the old Hungarian arms of Kossuth. We demand new uniforms for the Army which conform to our national traditions. We demand that March 15th be declared a national holiday and that the October 6th be a day of national mourning on which schools will be closed.
  15. The students of the Technological University of Budapest declare unanimously their solidarity with the workers and students of Warsaw and Poland in their movement towards national independence.
  16. The students of the Technological University of Budapest will organise as rapidly as possible local branches of MEFESZ, and they have decided to convene at Budapest, on Saturday October 27, a Youth Parliament at which all the nation’s youth shall be represented by their delegates.

Az 1956-os forradalom 16 pontja az a követeléslista, amelynek első változatát a Szegeden megalakult Magyar Egyetemisták és Főiskolások Szövetsége (MEFESZ) fogalmazta meg 1956. október 20-án, majd a Budapesti Műszaki Egyetemen az ország egyetemeinek küldötteiből alakult diákgyűlés résztvevői öntötték végleges formába október 22-én.Az 1956-os forradalom 16 pontja az a követeléslista, amelynek első változatát a Szegeden megalakult Magyar Egyetemisták és Főiskolások Szövetsége (MEFESZ) fogalmazta meg 1956. október 20-án, majd a Budapesti Műszaki Egyetemen az ország egyetemeinek küldötteiből alakult diákgyűlés résztvevői öntötték végleges formába október 22-én. A budapesti egyetemisták és főiskolások október 23-i tüntetésének első állomása a belvárosi Petőfi-szobor volt. Itt olvasták fel a 16 pontot, miután Sinkovits Imre elszavalta a Nemzeti Dalt.

Király Béla, Budapest 1956-os katonai főparancsnoka, történész a Mindentudás Egyetemén tartott előadásában a forradalom voltaképpeni programjának nevezte a 16 pontot, amely, mint mondta "futótűzként terjedt el az országban". Lényeges pont, mondta a történész, hogy a 16 pont nem követelte a kommunista párt betiltását és a szocializmus eltörlését, de követelte a titkos szavazással végrehajtandó általános választásokat, ami azt jelenti, hogy már ekkor lehetségesnek tartották a szocializmus eltörlését.

A műegyetemisták 16 pontja: 1956. október 22.

Másold le és terjeszd a magyar dolgozók között!

A MEFESZ építőip. műszaki egyetemi diáknagygyűlés határozatának főbb politikai, gazdasági és eszmei pontjai:

  1. Az összes szovjet csapatoknak azonnali kivonását követeljük Magyarországról a békeszerződés határozatai alapján.
  2. A Magyar Dolgozók Pártjában alulról felfelé, titkos alapon új alap-, közép-, és központi vezetők választását követeljük, ezek a legrövidebb időn belül hívják össze a pártkongresszust és válasszanak új Központi Vezetőséget.
  3. A kormány alakuljon át Nagy Imre elvtárs vezetésével, a sztálinista Rákosi-korszak minden bűnös vezetőjét azonnal váltsák le.
  4. Nyilvános tárgyalást követelünk Farkas Mihály és társai bűnügyében. Rákosi Mátyást, aki első fokon felelős a közelmúlt minden bűnéért és az ország tönkretételéért, hozzák haza és állítsák a nép ítélőszéke elé.
  5. Általános, egyenlő és titkos választásokat követelünk az országban több párt részvételével, új nemzetgyűlés megválasztása céljából. Követeljük a munkásság sztrájkjogának biztosítását.
  6. Követeljük a magyar-szovjet és magyar-jugoszláv politikai, gazdasági és szellemi kapcsolatok felülvizsgálatát és új rendezését a politikai és gazdasági teljes egyenrangúság és az egymás belügyeibe való be nem avatkozás alapján.
  7. Követeljük az egész magyar gazdasági élet átszervezését szakembereink bevonásával. Vizsgálják felül a tervgazdaságon alapuló egész gazdasági rendszerünket, a hazai adottságoknak és magyar népünk létérdekeinek szem előtt tartásával.
  8. Hozzuk nyilvánosságra külkereskedelmi szerződéseinket és a soha ki nem fizethető jóvátételek tényleges adatait. Nyílt és őszinte tájékoztatást követelünk az ország uránérckészleteiről, kiaknázásáról, az orosz koncesszióról. Követeljük, hogy az uránércet világpiaci áron, nemes valutáért Magyarország szabadon értékesíthesse.
  9. Követeljük az iparban alkalmazott normák teljes revízióját, a munkások és értelmiség bérköveteléseinek sürgős és alapvető rendezését. Kérjük a munkások létminimumának megállapítását.
  10. Követeljük a beszolgáltatási rendszer új alapokra fektetését és a termények okszerű felhasználását. Követeljük az egyénileg gazdálkodó parasztok egyenrangú támogatását.
  11. Követeljük az összes politikai és gazdasági pereknek független bíróságon való felülvizsgálatát, az ártatlanul elítéltek szabadon bocsátását, rehabilitálását. Követeljük a Szovjetunióba kihurcolt hadifoglyok és polgári személyek azonnali hazaszállítását, beleértve a határon kívül elítélt foglyokat is.
  12. Teljes vélemény-, szólás- és sajtószabadságot, szabad rádiót követelünk és a MEFESZ-szervezet számára nagy példányszámú új napilapot. Követeljük a meglévő káderanyag nyilvánosságra hozatalát és megsemmisítését.
  13. Követeljük, hogy a sztálini zsarnokság és politikai elnyomás jelképét, a Sztálin-szobrot a leggyorsabban bontsák le, és helyébe az 1848-49-es szabadságharc hőseinek és mártírjainak méltó emlékművet emeljenek.
  14. A meglévő, magyar népnek idegen címer helyett kívánjuk a régi magyar Kossuth-címer visszaállítását. A magyar honvédségnek a nemzeti hagyományokhoz méltó új egyenruhát követelünk. Követeljük, hogy március 15. és október 6. nemzeti ünnep és munkaszüneti nap legyen.
  15. A Budapesti Műszaki Egyetem ifjúsága egyhangú lelkesedéssel nyilvánította ki teljes szolidaritását a lengyel és varsói munkásság és fiatalság felé a lengyel nemzeti, függetlenségi mozgalommal kapcsolatban.
  16. Az Építőipari Műszaki Egyetem diáksága a leggyorsabban felállítja a MEFESZ helyi szervezeteit és elhatározta, hogy folyó hó 28-ra (szombat) Budapesten Ifjúsági Parlamentet hív össze, melyen küldöttségekkel részt vesz az ország egész ifjúsága. Holnap, folyó hó 23-án délután. fél három órakor a műszaki és egyéb egyetemek ifjúsága a Műegyetem előtti téren gyülekezik, onnan a Pálffy térre (Bem tér) a Bem-szoborhoz vonul, és megkoszorúzásával fejezi ki együttérzését a lengyel szabadságmozgalommal. E felvonuláshoz az üzemek dolgozói szabadon csatlakozhatnak.

Fenti határozat teljes, betű szerinti közlését ma este a rádió is, a magyar sajtó is visszautasította, a Szabad Ifjúság csak részleges közlését ígérte meg, főleg az első pont miatt. A határozat szövegének stencilen való azonnali sokszorosítását viharosan követeltük, de az arra vonatkozó utasítást Cholnoky rektor nem merte megadni. A nagygyűlés kb. 2000 résztvevőjének spontán felvonulása még ma este folyamán az egyik nyomda elé és a határozat azonnali kinyomtatása - a résztvevők viharos lelkesedése ellenére a megmozdulásnak nem kívánatos eltorzítása, illetve az esetleges összecsapás miatt - elmaradt. Javaslatunkra a határozat végleges szövegét a plénum előtt mikrofonba diktálták, a résztvevők lejegyezték és egyelőre kézi-gépi másolását a főváros széles rétegeiben hólabda-rendszerrel fogják terjeszteni.

A magyar sajtóban való teljes közléstől nem tágítunk.

Folyó hó 24-én a MEFESZ a fenti határozat alapján országos vitát kíván indítani a magyar sorskérdésekről és követeljük azt, hogy a Magyar Rádió adjon a nagygyűlésről helyszíni közvetítést, és így a dolgozó nép elferdítés nélkül hallani fogja az ifjúság hangját, és eltökélt szilárd határozata addig be kell váltsa a helyszíni ígérgetéseket, a határozat teljes szövegének a napi sajtóban széles körben való közzétételére vonatkozólag.

E határozat az új magyar történelem hajnalán, 1956. október 22-én született, az Építőipari Műszaki Egyetem aulájában, többezer hazáját szerető magyar ifjú spontán megmozdulásából.

[<< Back to All AHF News]

[<< Back to 1956-related News]

1956 Video: "News Magazine of the Screen" presented "Flight from Hungary" in early 1957 featuring video taken after the brutal Soviet re-occupation. "This is battered Budapest under the brutal Russian boot, Soviet tanks roams the streets under the ruins they laid as communist secret police hunt down heroic Freedom Fighters. 25,000 Hungarians are dead." A fascinating video, it also includes news about the Suez Crisis and more glimpes into life during this time. New Video posted to the AHF 1956 Portal! "News Magazine of the Screen" presented "Flight from Hungary" in early 1957 featuring video taken after the brutal October 23, 2012 - AHF Honors the heroes of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, the first tear in the Iron Curtain. Hungarians from all walks of life rose up against insurmountable odds to fight the brutal Soviet installed Hungarian communist government. Thousands died fighting, others tortured and executed, while 200,000 were forced to flee. 2012 marked the 56th Anniversary of the Hungarian Revolution.Soviet re-occupation."This isbattered Budapest under the brutal Russian boot, Soviet tanks roam the streets under the ruins they laid as communist secret police hunt down heroic Freedom Fighters. 25,000Hungarians are dead." A fascinating video, it also includes news about the Suez Crisis and more glimpes into life during this time. [See all our Videos]

Lyukas Zaszlo - AHF Honors the Heroes of the 1956 Hungarian RevolutionThe 1956 Hungarian Revolution was the first tear in the Iron Curtain. Hungarians from all walks of life rose up against insurmountable odds to fight the brutal Soviet installed Hungarian communist government. Thousands died fighting, others tortured and executed, while 200,000 were forced to flee. 2006 marked the 50th Anniversary of the Hungarian Revolution.

Time's Man of the Year: The 1956 Hungarian Freedom FighterAHF's work regarding the tragic events nearly 50 years ago, dates back to the early days of the revolution and thereafter assisting tens of thousands of refugees. In 1956 the American Hungarian Federation activated the second Hungarian Relief program for the refugees of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, providing $512,560.00. With the support of the American Hungarian Federation, over 65,000 refugees arrived in the USA. Get involved and help us continue our tradition of helping our community! Join Us!

Downloads:

  • The Hungarian Revolution - Uprising, Budapest 1956: A synoptic treatise of a major political event of the 20th Century, a historically tragic period in the life of a nation commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Revolution and the fallen brave By: Attila J. Ürményházi (Hobart, Tasmania) and edited by
    Bryan Dawson-Szilágyi [download]

States that have passed the 1956 Revolution 50th Anniversary Resolution:

| Texas | Ohio | Colorado | Maryland | Virginia |
| Massachusetts | Minnesota | Washington | California | South Dakota |

Texas became the first to pass the American Hungarian Federation's 1956 Resolution honoring the Hungarian Revolution4/28/2006 - Texas became the first state to adopt the AHF 1956 resolution (House Resolution 75). AHF extends sincere thanks to Texas Senator Janek and Representative Woolley for introducing the measure and to AHF's Texas Chapter President Chris Cutrone in Austin and Honorary Consul for Hungary Phillip Aronoff in Houston for their efforts in securing the introuduction of the resolution. The resolution's title: "Commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Hungarian Revolution and recognizing the sacrifices of Hungarian Freedom Fighters, the contributions of Hungarian Americans, and the friendship between the people and governments of the United States and Hungary." Full text of the Texas resolution can be found on the Texas House Website.

The Houston Chronicle also published an Op-Ed calling attention to the resolution by Hungarian Honorary Consul Phillip Aronoff in Houston and Bryan Dawson-Szilagyi, AHF Chairman of the Executive Committee.

Ohio was second to pass the American Hungarian Federation's 1956 Resolution honoring the Hungarian RevolutionOhio. Special thanks to the Hon. Péter Ujvági, Ohio State Representative (D) who successfully pushed the resolution (#212) through both state houses. [download the resolution] Ohio Governor Taft also issues a proclamation [download]

Colorado passed a 1956 Resolution honoring the Hungarian RevolutionColorado.
Special thanks to Jeno Megyessy for introducing a joint resolution that also makes Octbober 23, 2006 "Hungarian Freedom Fighter's Day" in Colorado! [download]

Maryland was fourth to pass the American Hungarian Federation's 1956 Resolution honoring the Hungarian RevolutionMaryland.
Special thanks to Frank Kapitan for taking the lead in getting the resolution passed! [download]

Virginia was fifth to pass the American Hungarian Federation's 1956 Resolution honoring the Hungarian RevolutionVirginia.
Special thanks to Laura Spinner for her leadership in getting Gov. Kaine to issue this proclamation!

Special thanks to Hon. Consul of the Republic of Hungary in new England and the Massachusetts Hungarians!Massachusetts.
Special thanks to Hon. Consul of the Republic of Hungary in new England and the Massachusetts Hungarians! [download]

South Dakota State Legislature recognizes the sacrifices of the 1956 Freedom FightersSouth Dakota.
State Legislature recognizes the sacrifices of the 1956 Freedom Fighters [download]

Congratulations to the Minnesota Hungarians and thanks to the State Legislature for declaring "Hungarian Freedom Day."Minnesota.
Congratulations to the Minnesota Hungarians and thanks to the State Legislature for declaring "Hungarian Freedom Day." [download]


In Memoriam

George Haydu's Memoir11/15/2005 - AHF President Emeritus, Entrepreneur, Freedom Activist, and 1959 US "Citizen of the Year," George K. Haydu, passed away after long illness. The death of this great humanitarian and leader is a major loss for the Hungarian-American community and to all his many friends. Despite many death threats and being shot in the leg during "Loyalty Day" parade in New York City, George was undeterred in his efforts to bring freedom to Hungary and comfort to refugees.
[read more about George Haydu]
or see [All Memorials]
--------------

Pongratz5/19/2005 - Gergely "Bajusz" Pongratz, a leader and hero of Hungary's anti-communist revolution of 1956, has died at age 73.

Pongratz suffered a heart attack on Wednesday in the southern Hungarian town of Kiskunmajsa where he lived, said Dezso Abraham, secretary general of the World Council of Hungarian 56ers revolutionary veterans group. During the revolution, Pongratz was commander of one of the key resistance groups fighting the Soviet army. [read more].
--------------

Szeredas12/10/2004 - JENO SZEREDAS, 90, Hungarian Freedom Fighter Federation Founder, AHF Member, and Noted Artist Dies...

Jeno Andras Szeredas, Hungarian political activist and Senator, 1956 Freedom Fighter, Founder of the Freedom Fighters Federation in the United States, poet and artist of rare talent died quietly in his sleep at his daughter's home in Connecticut on November 30. He had just celebrated his 90th birthday.

Born in Iglo, Hungary (now Slovakia) in 1914, Mr. Szeredas was both witness to and active participant in the turmoil sweeping over Europe for the balance of the 20th century. [more]


Links

  • 1956 Portal - www.hungary1956.com
  • The 1956 Institute, headed by Dr. Janos Reiner, is a great site devoted to exploring the 1956 Hungarian Revolution in English and Hungarian.
  • www.celebratingfreedom1956.org - The Cleveland Hungarian Revolution 50th Anniversary Committee (CHR50) is organizing a major observance event of this important historical milestone on October 21st and 22nd, 2006 in Cleveland, Ohio.
  • Magyar Radio Online - includes many audio files and an analysis in Hungarian: "Ki húzta meg a ravaszt eloször 1956. október 23-án?" "Who was the first to pull the trigger?"
  • Time MagazineTime Magazine gave Hungarian Freedom Fighters the title "Man of the Year" on July 1, 1957. "The Freedom Fighters filled the empty bottles with gasoline and corked them with table napkins, making what they called 'benzine flashes."
  • www.FamousHungarians.com - offers information on 1956, the 1956 Olympics, the popular "Nobel Prize Winners and Famous Hungarians," resources on Trianon, Transylvania, History, Music, and more.
  • Wikipedia - the free, online encyclopedia that allows readers to manage its content!
  • The 1956 Institute in Hungary (1956-os Intézet)
  • The 1956 Hungarian Revolution Historical Documentation and Research Foundation in Hungary - a source for thousands of photographs from the period
  • The National Security Archive at The George Washington University provides a wealth of information on the 1956 Revolution available for download in PDF.
  • The 1956 Hungarian Revolution - a short chronology of events with pictures
  • Pal Maleter on Wikipedia - the military leader of the Hungarian Revolution
  • www.sulinet.hu has as site that transcribed many of the various speeches given before, during, and after the revolution - a fascinating chronology from Nagy to Mindszenty. (Hungarian)
  • Az 1956-os Magyar Forradalom igaz története - in Hungarian. "What the history books left out." Published by the 1956 World Federation.
  • Az 1956-os forradalom története Esztergomban - The Revolution in Esztergom (in Hungarian)
  • Arcok és sorsok - a great site with photos and biographies of some 1956 Freedom Fighters
  • Nagy Imre október 23-án: Nagy Imre október 23-án eleinte hallani sem akart arról, hogy a Parlamentbe menjen és szóljon a tömeghez. Ám mégis megtette. Döbbenetet érezhetett, amikor lenézett a Parlament ablakából, s akkor is, amikor kifütyülték az „elvtárs” megszólítást. Beszéde az alant álló ismeretlen erovel szembeni aggodalmát és szorongását mutatja.

Downloads:
  • The Hungarian Revolution - Uprising, Budapest 1956: A synoptic treatise of a major political event of the 20th Century, a historically tragic period in the life of a nation commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Revolution and the fallen brave By: Attila J. Ürményházi (Hobart, Tasmania) and edited by
    Bryan Dawson-Szilágyi [download]
  • US Postal Service 1956 Petition

Memorials Dedicated to 1956

"October 23, 1956, is a day that will live forever in the annals of free men and nations. It was a day of courage, conscience and triumph. No other day since history began has shown more clearly the eternal unquenchability of man's desire to be free, whatever the odds against success, whatever the sacrifice required."- President John F. Kennedy,
on the first anniversary of the Hungarian Revolution.

  • Denver, Colorado - statue and "Hungarian Freedom Park"
  • Toronto, Ont - statue and park
  • Erie, PA - Memorial and square (Thanks to v. Juhasz Ferenc, AHF, VP)
  • Bridgeport - Statue
  • Fairfield, CT - Memorial plaque in Town Hall (2003)
  • Berkeley Springs, WV - plaque, cemetery, and church (TX to Mrs. 'Sally' Gyorik, Ft Vitez Baan OFP)
  • Boston, Mass - Liberty Square statue and square by George Hollosy
  • Los Angeles, CA - statue by Arpad Domjan (1966)
    (TX to Czene Ferenc and LA Hungarians)
  • New York - Plaque at East River/92d Str
  • Passaic, NJ - statue
  • Lorantffy House, Akron, Ohio 1956 - Plaque
  • North Olmstead , Ohio - Plaque and cemetery (Thanks to Dobolyi Arpad & Juhasz Ferenc AHF VP)
  • New Orleans, LA - plaque
  • Loraine, Ohio - Statue under construction
  • Miami, Fl - First Hungarian Church Stained Glass Windows
  • Camp Kilmer - plaque now in New Brunswick, New Jersey
  • Cleveland, Ohio - Cardinal Jozsef Mindszenty statue and square
  • New Brunswick, NJ - Mindszenty statue and square
  • Miami - Mindszenty Str. (27th Str) NW (TX to Tarr Sandor, Honorary Consul)
  • Budapest - statue/plaque at the Chain bridge in Buda by Ocsay Karoly
  • Korvin koz - statue of the young freedom fighter
  • Eger - Memorial to 1956
  • Budapest, Prime Minister Imre Nagy Gravsite and Memorial
  • Budapest, Szena Ter
  • Budapest, II kerulet; Manheimer Statue
  • Budapest, XIII kerulet: Park of Statues: granite obelisk
  • Budapest, XIII kerulet: Park of Statues: Plaque of the martyrs (2000 Oct. 23)

Hungarian Freedom Park in Denver Colorado and its memorial to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution

The 1956 memorial in Toronto, Canada

Gyuri Hollosi's memorial to 1956 in Boston's Liberty Square

 

 

 

 

 

AHF's Lajos Bartucz at the Passaic NJ Memorial to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution

Stained Glass memorial to 1956 at Miami's First Hungarian Church of Christ

1956 Memorial in Eger, Hungary

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution Memorial at Szena Ter in Budapest

 


Albert CamusAlbert Camus' Stirring Letter to the World:

"The Blood of the Hungarians"

I am not one of those who wish to see the people of Hungary take up arms again in a rising certain to be crushed, under the eyes of the nations of the world, who would spare them neither applause nor pious tears, but who would go back at one to their slippers by the fireside like a football crowd on a Sunday evening after a cup final.

There are already too many dead on the field, and we cannot be generous with any but our own blood. The blood of Hungary has re-emerged too precious to Europe and to freedom for us not to be jealous of it to the last drop.

But I am not one of those who think that there can be a compromise, even one made with resignation, even provisional, with a regime of terror which has as much right to call itself socialist as the executioners of the Inquisition had to call themselves Christians.

And on this anniversary of liberty, I hope with all my heart that the silent resistance of the people of Hungary will endure, will grow stronger, and, reinforced by all the voices which we can raise on their behalf, will induce unanimous international opinion to boycott their oppressors.

And if world opinion is too feeble or egoistical to do justice to a martyred people, and if our voices also are too weak, I hope that Hungary’s resistance will endure until the counter-revolutionary State collapses everywhere in the East under the weight of its lies and contradictions.

Hungary conquered and in chains has done more for freedom and justice than any people for twenty years. But for this lesson to get through and convince those in the West who shut their eyes and ears, it was necessary, and it can be no comfort to us, for the people of Hungary to shed so much blood which is already drying in our memories.

In Europe’s isolation today, we have only one way of being true to Hungary, and that is never to betray, among ourselves and everywhere, what the Hungarian heroes died for, never to condone, among ourselves and everywhere, even indirectly, those who killed them.

It would indeed be difficult for us to be worthy of such sacrifices. But we can try to be so, in uniting Europe at last, in forgetting our quarrels, in correcting our own errors, in increasing our creativeness, and our solidarity. We have faith that there is on the march in the world, parallel with the forces of oppression and death which are darkening our history, a force of conviction and life, an immense movement of emancipation which is culture and which is born of freedom to create and of freedom to work.

Those Hungarian workers and intellectuals, beside whom we stand today with such impotent sorrow, understood this and have made us the better understand it. That is why, if their distress is ours, their hope is ours also. In spite of their misery, their chains, their exile, they have left us a glorious heritage which we must deserve: freedom, which they did not win, but which in one single day they gave back to us. (October 23, 1957)

AHF dedicates this work
to the memory of all our comrades who passed during those faithful days of October, 1956.

- Read this in German, Hungarian, French, and Spanish on this AHF member site, the [American Hungarian Museum]

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